Carrier Operated Squelch or Carrier Operated Switch (COS) formerly known as Carrier Operated Relay (COR).

Functions a COR like a control in Repeater Push To Talk. The difference between COR with COS only on the voltage output. COR like a Contact Point – Relay .

Now a days the radio is well known as the Solid State Cos the resulting change in value is a voltage, where the Signal received by the receiver unit at the point open squelch status will change from to Logic Low Logic High (+5 V / 0V-Ground) or vice versa.

The most easy to see from the changes in the Indicator is "Channel Busy" is usually in the form LED. Logic is what's used to drive relay, transistor or optoisolator used as PTT.

In the bottom pictures below are from the COR (cos buffer - Delay - Relay Driver) and Audio Buffer Block diagram snd repeater.

Carrier Operated Squelch or Carrier Operated Switch (COS) formerly known as Carrier Operated Relay (COR).

Functions a COR like a control in Repeater Push To Talk. The difference between COR with COS only on the voltage output. COR like a Contact Point – Relay .

Now a days the radio is well known as the Solid State Cos the resulting change in value is a voltage, where the Signal received by the receiver unit at the point open squelch status will change from to Logic Low Logic High (+5 V / 0V-Ground) or vice versa.

The most easy to see from the changes in the Indicator is "Channel Busy" is usually in the form LED. Logic is what's used to drive relay, transistor or optoisolator used as PTT.

In the bottom pictures below are from the COR (cos buffer - Delay - Relay Driver) and Audio Buffer Block diagram snd repeater.

Do you have an interest in converting one of these, this ATX PS board has leads for +5 (RED), -5 (WHITE), +12 (YELLOW), -12 (BLUE) volts, Ground (BLACK) and switch (GREEN). Measured voltages on this particular PS (1996 P5-100 MHz Gateway) were about 5.15 and 11.75 volts. The remaining leads have been clipped off at the circuit board.

Wiring coming off an industry standard circuit board will be:
ORANGE +3.3v, YELLOW +12v, BLUE -12v, RED +5v, WHITE -5v, BLACK GND, GREEN Power On if shorted to ground, GRAY Power OK, PURPLE +5v stanby, BROWN +3.3v Remote sensing

If you like convert this switching for ham radio, only 13,8 v 30 Amps. Please read carrefully this schematic :

R 42 -for 13.8 V = 20 K

R 45 -for 13.8 V = 15 K

Do you have an interest in converting one of these, this ATX PS board has leads for +5 (RED), -5 (WHITE), +12 (YELLOW), -12 (BLUE) volts, Ground (BLACK) and switch (GREEN). Measured voltages on this particular PS (1996 P5-100 MHz Gateway) were about 5.15 and 11.75 volts. The remaining leads have been clipped off at the circuit board.

Wiring coming off an industry standard circuit board will be:
ORANGE +3.3v, YELLOW +12v, BLUE -12v, RED +5v, WHITE -5v, BLACK GND, GREEN Power On if shorted to ground, GRAY Power OK, PURPLE +5v stanby, BROWN +3.3v Remote sensing

If you like convert this switching for ham radio, only 13,8 v 30 Amps. Please read carrefully this schematic :

R 42 -for 13.8 V = 20 K

R 45 -for 13.8 V = 15 K

This is an ongoing project. I needed a RIB to program some Motorola Radio. Instead of building a box for each radio I decided what I needed was a universal box. This is what I have come up with at this point. I found a web site with a wonderfull programer that did most of what I wnted here. I also found information on the Motorola RIB box on the Bat Labs Web site. My box is a combination of both of these, plus a few little additions.

On my homebrew RIB, Use a DB-25 connector just like that Motorola Rib. This will allow the use of the Motorola cables with my box. The DB-25's large hood also allows room in the cable for components that are specific to a particular radio. Use an small external power supply to provide +12 and +5 and -5 volts


Currently I have it set up to program the following radios in the shack.

• Motorola GM300, MAX638Plus, GM338, MTR2000, GP300, GP338, etc.
• Yaesu VX-6R
• Suicom SH135 VHF/UHF
  

Pin out for DB-25 Connector Bold matches signals on Motorola RLN4008
1 - Gnd
2 - Mic Hi (Gnd)
4 - BIAS 5
6 - Not BUSY
8 - BUSY
11 - BUS-
12 - SWB+ 12 Volts
13 - BUS-
15 - BUS+
24 - BUS+ 25

Thanks for YC5NBX for copy that PCB

This is an ongoing project. I needed a RIB to program some Motorola Radio. Instead of building a box for each radio I decided what I needed was a universal box. This is what I have come up with at this point. I found a web site with a wonderfull programer that did most of what I wnted here. I also found information on the Motorola RIB box on the Bat Labs Web site. My box is a combination of both of these, plus a few little additions.

On my homebrew RIB, Use a DB-25 connector just like that Motorola Rib. This will allow the use of the Motorola cables with my box. The DB-25's large hood also allows room in the cable for components that are specific to a particular radio. Use an small external power supply to provide +12 and +5 and -5 volts


Currently I have it set up to program the following radios in the shack.

• Motorola GM300, MAX638Plus, GM338, MTR2000, GP300, GP338, etc.
• Yaesu VX-6R
• Suicom SH135 VHF/UHF
  

Pin out for DB-25 Connector Bold matches signals on Motorola RLN4008
1 - Gnd
2 - Mic Hi (Gnd)
4 - BIAS 5
6 - Not BUSY
8 - BUSY
11 - BUS-
12 - SWB+ 12 Volts
13 - BUS-
15 - BUS+
24 - BUS+ 25

Thanks for YC5NBX for copy that PCB

I am currently building another repeater for our Police Departement. I've decided to document the procedure, and discuss repeaters and repeater building.

What is a Repeater ?

A repeater is a radio system that receives a radio signal on one frequency and repeats it on another frequency. Here's an example of what makes a repeater system worthwhile.

Our police department is located in a center of city Pekalongan. Most of our members have portable radios. It is hard for us to communicate with each other using the portables, since they have limited range even in the best of circumstances. The repeater at my shelter is a 30-watt repeater on a 60 meter tower. It has an effective range of ~20 km. When I talk on my portable through the repeater I effectively increase the range of my portable from 1-5 km to 20 km. Because the repeater is located on a tall tower it can receive better, also. It can pick up the traffic from the portables of the other members that normally couldn't be heard portable-to-portable.

Another benefit of a repeater is that everybody can hear what everyone else is saying. This allows for better communications. Before our department got their repeater, a deputy in one part of the county had to relay their radio traffic through their dispatcher, who then had to relay it to another officer. Now both officers can speak directly, even if they are in opposite ends of the county.

How do you build a repeater ?

The easiest way to get a repeater is to plop down the money and buy one. I'm poor, though, so I'll be building one out of discrete components. Actually, that's not a good argument. Repeaters aren't as expensive as they used to be. If I were buying new parts for the repeater I'm building it would probably cost me about the same. However, since I have old radios laying around I'll use these to build a repeater.

Here is an overview of a repeater system.

Antenna,

Receive radio,

Transmit radio.

Duplexer - Probably the least understood and sometimes forgotten component of a repeater system. A duplexer is a filter system that keeps the transmit and receive sides separate. Without a duplexer the transmitter side would jam the receiver, and the repeater wouldn't work.

There are two main types of duplexers: Band pass and band reject. A bandpass filter allows a certain BAND of frequencies to PASS while filtering out all other frequencies. A bandpass filter allows the receive frequency to pass to the receiver, and the transmit frequency to pass from the transmitter. Everything else gets filtered out. A band reject filter is almost the opposite. It REJECTS one BAND, and lets everything else pass. It allows everything but the transmit frequency to go the receiver, and vice versa. I prefer a bandpass filter. They provide better filtering for a repeater. However, they are usually more expensive. There is actually a third type of duplexer...bandpass-reject. It is a combination of the bandpass and band reject, and is used where the transmit and receive frequencies are very close together.

Duplexers normally look like long cans. The closer the receive and transmit frequencies are, the more cans you need to properly filter them, and the bigger around the cans will be. The bad part of that is more cans cost more money, and they eat up more of your transmit power and receive sensitivity.

Repeater controller - The controller is the brains of the repeater. It makes sure it receives the proper signal from the receiver, and then makes the transmitter transmit.

Wiring connections

The repeater controller needs certain signals from/to the radios to perform correctly.

COS - The COS signal tells the repeater controller that the receive radio is receiving a signal. The default source for a COS signal is the unmute for the speaker. However, some radios have a COS-type signal or a better source than the speaker unmute. You need to look at the radio schematic to determine this. Did I mention that electrical schematics for your components are vital?

Receive audio - The receive audio signal is taken from the output of the discriminator. The discriminator is circuitry which converts the signal from the carrier that goes through the air back into normal audio. Once again, use the schematics to determine the discriminator location. The receive audio from this location contains the audio that we will hear (300 Hz to 3300 Hz) and the PL tone information (60 Hz to 255 Hz). The repeater controller filters the PL tone information and compares it to the expected PL tone. If it is correct it allows the receive audio to become transmit audio.

Transmit audio - The audio which is sent to the transmitter for rebroadcasting. The repeater controller will add Morse Code ID beeps or courtesy beeps to the transmit audio if programmed for those features. This line can usually be connected to the same audio line which comes from the microphone on the transmit radio.

PTT (push to talk) - This is the same function as keying the microphone, and is connected to the same wire.

CTCSS/DCS tone input - This is an optional input to the transmitter, and is only used if you're setting the repeater up as a community repeater or shared repeater*. This line is connected to where the transmit radio would normally add the CTCSS tone to the transmitting audio. This allows the repeater controller to inject the proper PL tone depending on the user of the shared repeater.

I am currently building another repeater for our Police Departement. I've decided to document the procedure, and discuss repeaters and repeater building.

What is a Repeater ?

A repeater is a radio system that receives a radio signal on one frequency and repeats it on another frequency. Here's an example of what makes a repeater system worthwhile.

Our police department is located in a center of city Pekalongan. Most of our members have portable radios. It is hard for us to communicate with each other using the portables, since they have limited range even in the best of circumstances. The repeater at my shelter is a 30-watt repeater on a 60 meter tower. It has an effective range of ~20 km. When I talk on my portable through the repeater I effectively increase the range of my portable from 1-5 km to 20 km. Because the repeater is located on a tall tower it can receive better, also. It can pick up the traffic from the portables of the other members that normally couldn't be heard portable-to-portable.

Another benefit of a repeater is that everybody can hear what everyone else is saying. This allows for better communications. Before our department got their repeater, a deputy in one part of the county had to relay their radio traffic through their dispatcher, who then had to relay it to another officer. Now both officers can speak directly, even if they are in opposite ends of the county.

How do you build a repeater ?

The easiest way to get a repeater is to plop down the money and buy one. I'm poor, though, so I'll be building one out of discrete components. Actually, that's not a good argument. Repeaters aren't as expensive as they used to be. If I were buying new parts for the repeater I'm building it would probably cost me about the same. However, since I have old radios laying around I'll use these to build a repeater.

Here is an overview of a repeater system.

Antenna,

Receive radio,

Transmit radio.

Duplexer - Probably the least understood and sometimes forgotten component of a repeater system. A duplexer is a filter system that keeps the transmit and receive sides separate. Without a duplexer the transmitter side would jam the receiver, and the repeater wouldn't work.

There are two main types of duplexers: Band pass and band reject. A bandpass filter allows a certain BAND of frequencies to PASS while filtering out all other frequencies. A bandpass filter allows the receive frequency to pass to the receiver, and the transmit frequency to pass from the transmitter. Everything else gets filtered out. A band reject filter is almost the opposite. It REJECTS one BAND, and lets everything else pass. It allows everything but the transmit frequency to go the receiver, and vice versa. I prefer a bandpass filter. They provide better filtering for a repeater. However, they are usually more expensive. There is actually a third type of duplexer...bandpass-reject. It is a combination of the bandpass and band reject, and is used where the transmit and receive frequencies are very close together.

Duplexers normally look like long cans. The closer the receive and transmit frequencies are, the more cans you need to properly filter them, and the bigger around the cans will be. The bad part of that is more cans cost more money, and they eat up more of your transmit power and receive sensitivity.

Repeater controller - The controller is the brains of the repeater. It makes sure it receives the proper signal from the receiver, and then makes the transmitter transmit.

Wiring connections

The repeater controller needs certain signals from/to the radios to perform correctly.

COS - The COS signal tells the repeater controller that the receive radio is receiving a signal. The default source for a COS signal is the unmute for the speaker. However, some radios have a COS-type signal or a better source than the speaker unmute. You need to look at the radio schematic to determine this. Did I mention that electrical schematics for your components are vital?

Receive audio - The receive audio signal is taken from the output of the discriminator. The discriminator is circuitry which converts the signal from the carrier that goes through the air back into normal audio. Once again, use the schematics to determine the discriminator location. The receive audio from this location contains the audio that we will hear (300 Hz to 3300 Hz) and the PL tone information (60 Hz to 255 Hz). The repeater controller filters the PL tone information and compares it to the expected PL tone. If it is correct it allows the receive audio to become transmit audio.

Transmit audio - The audio which is sent to the transmitter for rebroadcasting. The repeater controller will add Morse Code ID beeps or courtesy beeps to the transmit audio if programmed for those features. This line can usually be connected to the same audio line which comes from the microphone on the transmit radio.

PTT (push to talk) - This is the same function as keying the microphone, and is connected to the same wire.

CTCSS/DCS tone input - This is an optional input to the transmitter, and is only used if you're setting the repeater up as a community repeater or shared repeater*. This line is connected to where the transmit radio would normally add the CTCSS tone to the transmitting audio. This allows the repeater controller to inject the proper PL tone depending on the user of the shared repeater.

TNI-AU corps can not respect when the National Day of Resurrection to-101, on Wednesday (20 / 5). Following the fall of the type of transport plane C-130 Hercules in 1325 in the Village of Alpha Geplak, Kecamatan Karas, Magetan Regency, East Java, at around 06.30.

Information from the hospital last Lanud Iswahyudi victim who died 101 people.

According to the Head Office of The TNI-AU TNI Marsekal First FHB Soelistyo, This plane carry 110 people. They consist of 99 passengers and 11 kru. ''One of the victims died there was a flag officer, the Marsekal First Harsono, Panglima Komando National Air Defense Sector IV Biak ".

Aircraft Pilot with Captain Major Danu Setiawan Copilot and Captain Younan is departing from Lanud Halim Perdanakusuma with Jakarta flight route, Magetan, Makassar, Kendari, Ambon, and Biak. Not yet known the exact cause of the fall of the aircraft.

Hidayah, Geplak of the house only 100 meters from the location of the incident, bath time so surprised to hear his voice loud objects fall. ''I just live with fled wear sober. O God, have fallen aircraft. Neighbors also directly to the location. But, they did not dare to approach the blazing fire and explosion sounds small,''he said. Not long after, cry and ask for help from the screaming victims in the aircraft cabin. ''terrific time to enter the plane.

According to the testimony of residents, the left-wing aircraft in the air and burned down about 500 meters from the fall of Hercules area. Aircraft loss of control and flying low before it on three houses. Then strike the bamboo and tree trembesi behind the house Parmo, Geplak citizens. The aircraft then split and burned in the rice field area Geplak.

''Then, I was sleeping. But, taken aback when the voice is worn down with the wind roar is very fast,''said Parmo confess that some precarious houses fall because diempas plane.

One of the residents of the house by the aircraft is Rusmin home. Rusmin wife, Sumiati, the morning that are cooking water, to be victims. He died instantly because of the house and burned debris.

Agus Julian, people Patihan Village, Kecamatan Karas, said, about two kilometers from the location of the incident, some parts of the plane began to fall. Aircraft also issued a smoke. ''I see the plane itself is shaky, and removing the smoke,''he said.

House of Samsudin, citizens RT 2, RW 3, Village Geplak, a distance of about 500 meters from the location of the incident, also become victims. As a result, the roof of her house destroyed and damaged some furniture. ''Fortunately, when I was outside the house. Wing aircraft are still in the roof of my home,''he said.

Kamsiya, people whose home is only about 100 meters from the incident, at around 06.30 WIB, heard the sound of planes roaring west. Then, an explosion sounded five times. And ''I'm surprised to see the outdoors,''he said.

After that, she saw the plane hit a tree and bamboo trembesi home and neighbors. Immediately later, thick smoke began to envelop the area drop in aircraft. Because of fear, he cried and then ask people to help others. ''I do not dare to approach,''he said.

Not long after, the team's savior Lanud Iswahjudi team that assisted the TNI-AD, police, kabupaten governments, health agencies and arrived at the location to mengevakuasi victims. A child aged 4 years and still look happy and was Lanud RS Iswahyudi.

To facilitate the search of the victim, the body of Hercules aircraft so the two cut sections.

Related causes of the fall of the plane, the TNI AU Kapentak through Lanud Iswahjudi Sutrisno Mayor stated that the investigation at this time. Source Pentak Lanud Iswahjudi, Magetan states, Hercules A-1325 is starting from Halim Perdanakusuma airport, Jakarta, in the Lanud Iswahjudi Magetan.

The first contact made with Lanud Iswahjudi Hercules A-1325 at 06.19. The height was 112 thousand feet, to 7 thousand feet. At around 06.22, there is more contact. Position 7 thousand feet the plane, the 3-thousand feet. ''Weather conditions are reported in normal circumstances,''he said.

At around 06.27, the final position of the plane is in the height of 1000 feet. Tower Lanud Iswahjudi rule 06.28 at the plane run away in slight or foundation is ready.However, at around 06.29 tower lost contact (lost contact) with Hercules. ''No known cause of the fall in the Hercules plane Geplak Village, Kecamatan Karas, Magetan,''said Sutrisno.

Musing the killing of many victims is the second since the last two months.On 6 April, the TNI-AU aircraft type F-27 Troopship registration number A-2703 and burned in the fall Lanud Husein Sastranegara, Bandung, West Java. Six crew and 18 soldiers elite troops Cash TNI-AU (Paskhasau) died.

Meanwhile, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono called for yesterday afternoon ministry the military and defense ministers to discuss the handling of natural fall of the plane C-130 Hercules in Magetan. The President ordered the military to make a thorough investigation to ensure that the causes of the fall of military-transport plane is AU.

Meetings take place starting at 16:00 wib. Present TNI General Djoko Santoso, KSAU Marsekal Soebandrio, KSAD General Agustadi Sasongko Purnomo, KSAL warlord Tedjo Edhy Purdijatno, and Minister of Defense Juwono Sudarsono.

Although some case of natural time, the meeting decided yesterday to keep operating the Hercules aircraft belonging to various military activities. Thus, the TNI is not the restrictions for flying Hercules aircraft.

''While the investigation continues to carry on the accident, the tasks of defense and the tasks for the purposes of training, education, transportation, personnel and other fixed properly implemented,''the President said.

According to the President in the operation of the aircraft, the TNI must be extra hard to ensure the safety and security of the flight.''That's what I instruct to the TNI, especially the TNI-AU. Thus, in one of the main tasks can still be executed, on the other side of security and safety for those who fly airplanes and that transport is a plane that can also be guaranteed,''specifically.

Meanwhile, TNI General Djoko Santoso said the suspected cause of the accident was weather factors. Indeed,''the condition was ground fog. So, there is fog in the land,''he said.

According to him, in the morning when Lanud Iswahyudi often have fog.''As we know, that climate change in this weather is not certain, either in the air, land and sea,''he said.

In that opportunity, he apologize to the people in District Plans, Magetan of these events. About the victim of a civil aircraft, TNI ensure family members are all military.Not true''if the flight is dikomersialkan. This routine flight. All military family, including wife Pangkosek. -Law and her son also have,''he said.

In separate places, Kadispen the TNI-AU TNI Marsekal First FHB Soelistyo reveal, the Hercules aircraft that are not falling plane old. New plane made in 1980. Log In''TNI-AU in 1994,''he explained in the complex of the TNI-AU Halim Perdanakusumah yesterday (20 / 5).

He said, the plane also do not care long last, that is, on May 19.Too early''to the cause of the fall of the plane. Have a team that will evaluate,''said Soelistyo when asked about the cause of the accident airplane.

Priority at this time is the care and evacuation of the victim. He also claims to be brought home bones grief.''The most important is how to treat clay,''he said.

Also explained, the plane is operated for the support and logistics personnel. Operations is a mission that conducted routine.

On the other hand, former Panglima Komando National Defense (Pangkohanudnas) Djoko Poerwoko asserts that the fall is not a military aircraft because the aircraft maintenance budget dikucurkan government is very less.

Although the''appropriate treatment procedures, if the experts do not be paid well, it can cause lho-sloping sloping planes,''he said.